Economy and Socal Life in Kenya Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economy and Socal Life in Kenya - Assignment Example Kenya has made progress towards enhancing effectiveness in the political system with the implementation of a new constitution. Kenya has a population of 44 million with most people living in the rural areas. The capital city is Nairobi. It is also the hub for many government services. The other major towns and cities in Kenya are Nakuru, Mombasa, and Kisumu. Kenya is bordered by countries like Uganda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Somalia. The two main languages in Kenya are Swahili and English. It provides information on the people, infrastructure, education, security, and transport. Kenya is made of 42 tribes that are spread out in different parts of the country. The notable ethnic groups in Kenya are Kikuyu, Luo, Luhya Kalenjin, Kamba, Kisii, and Meru. The chart shows ethnic group distribution according to the data presented by the CIA World Factbook. The major religions in Kenya are Christianity and Islam. Majority of Kenyans fall between 25 and 54 years. The majority of Kenyans are young. The country struggles with high infant mortality rates, HIV/AIDS, famine, and floods. According to the CIA World Factbook, Kenya ranks 31 when compared to other nations in the world. It is clear from the graph that Kenya has many non-Africans who are citizens and foreigners. The country has expatriates who work with large business corporations or non-governmental organizations that deal with environmental issues, aid, and relief and activities. Most of the expatriates live in highly secured estates. The estates have secured houses with compounds to limit movement in and out. The diverse nature of the Kenyan population makes it easy for foreigners to fit in. The culture can be termed as friendly with most people believing in the concept of African hospitality. Kenyans find it easy to help foreigners.

John Berger Ways of Seeing Essay Example for Free

John Berger Ways of Seeing Essay In John Berger’s article, ’Ways of Seeing’, it explains European eighteenth century art and how it relates to many of todays cultural transitions. Before Berger begins explaining the art itself, he tells us about the cultural constructions that exist today. These cultural constructions are enforced and were highlighted through European eighteenth century art. He began by explaining the difference between a man and a woman’s presence. Men’s presence depends how much power he is able to successfully portray. This power can be social, economical, sexual, etc. A woman’s presence expresses her attitude toward herself and in turn how she will allow other to treat her. This explains why women are so critical of them and critique their actions no matter what the situation may be. Berger begins to explain how the art ties into this when he says, â€Å"men act, women appear.† He further explains how men look at women, while women watch themselves being looked at. Thus, a woman is turned into an object. He even provides an interesting example of how women supposedly became subservient to men. In the book of Genesis Eve gave Adam an apple they weren’t supposed to eat. After they ate the apple they became aware and self-conscious of the fact they were naked, so they made clothes for themselves. Eve was punished for eating the apple and giving one to Adam by being made subservient to the man. This relates to art because, in Berger’s words, â€Å"women in paintings are there to feed an appetite, not to have any of their own.† He also explains the nude women in paintings appeal to the men’s sexuality. In European oil paintings the painter is never painted, yet is always assumed to be male. The women in these paintings were treated and/or portrayed as objects, and this view still exists today. It is an unequal relationship that in Berger’s words, â€Å"still structures the consciousness of many women.† The insecurities women feel in a large part comes from the way they have been viewed as object, always needing to be perfect. This is proven through the European eighteenth century art as the way the women are portrayed in the paintings. These views still exist in the media today. Commercials show seductive women gazing into a camera with an equally attractive man staring at them.

Femininity Essay -- essays research papers

The New Femininity Femininity is not a word that we are encouraged to use these days. A lot of people would argue that femininity is the thing that keeps women obedient to men. However, there is a hidden assumption behind this term. The assumption is that masculinity is superior to femininity; that femininity is not a beautiful and powerful thing in its own right. I believe that women have something men do not have. Women have special qualities that belong to them as women, and they do not intend to suppress those special qualities. I think the world would be a much poorer place without femininity. ?gWhat means to be a womanh What first came to my mind was stereotypical. Passive, dependent, altruistic, intuitive emotionally open, and impulsive?cis this what meant to be the ideal women in our society? In general, men have more power in the public place such as economic and political order, while women have more power in the private place such as domestic life, family. The social whole will be best suited if each sex does those tasks for which they are best suited. In fact, men and women have biologically different capacities and interests (aggressive vs. maternal feelings, etc) In the role of the family, men have power in making decision and the women have control of housework. ?@?@?@?@I had encountered to see the different aspects of gender role in two societies. These two societies have their own values and beliefs that keep the man and the women different. However, th...

On-Screen Violence and Children Essay -- essays research papers

Helping our children be successful in school today can improve their success in the world of work tomorrow. There are many studies and programs developed to help children behave well in school. However, I believe that in order to understand the problems of children demeanor, we have to concentrate not on creating more programs to punish that kind of behavior, but rather understand the causes which contribute to having it on the first place. We need to look behind the problem and try to figure out, where it comes from. Thousand of researches have been made trying to understand why this generation experiences behavior difficulties. The most common conclusion they have reached was that screen violence, which include TV, radio, music, games, all the entertainment involving violence and course language, is harmful and is one of the reasons young generation fail to have good manners, and involves in aggressive activities. Johnathon L. Freedman is one of those academic researchers who try to provide scientific evidence to support the notion that media violence and its effect on aggression is crucial to young children. As taking his notion for true to many people, I would argue that there is no conclusive empirical support of proving such correlation exist and there is no evidence of harmful effect to the present and future actions of the children. The evidences which support that there is any correlation (between the aggression and bad influence of children due to media violence) have failed to consider the high number of children who watch violence, the acceptance of correlation as cause, and the historical evidence of aggression which may have affected the children long before violent entertainment came into play in their lif... ... institutional organization working well. First, make sure children do well in the earlier educational process and do not miss any important knowledge which will be essential in the future. Keep in eye on the friends, and the school progress of the child. If it appears that he/she has a minor behaviour problems try to resolve it as soon as possible because if a kid gets labeled from the society as being problematic, this impression is very difficult to change. Second, a child must learn how to participate in the system of employment. Having good recommendation letters, previous experience, and good academic record will help to get a well paid job. Last, once you get a nice working positions continue to educate in the sphere of your work. Being on the top of new technology and using it in the course of you job will help succeed in the world of capitalism.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Skype

INTRODUCTION I. 1 Background People rely on technology for every aspects of their lives and technology gives a significant impact to people’s lives. Technology is constantly changing, growing, and of course forcing the world to change as well. For people nowadays, it’s hard to imagine life without technology and all of its luxuries that are provided from it. Some technology exists and causes lives of people to change and improve. Up until now, internet is still arguably the best and most widely used piece of modern technology.We can do anything with internet, and almost every aspect of our everyday lives is relying on internet, such as work, school, social relationships, and especially, communication. As a human being, communication is important for our lives, human have social needs to interact with other people, and after all, human cannot live alone. There are many ways of communicating besides face-to-face communication. Thanks to technology, people now can communic ate in many ways, and internet really plays a big role on this aspect. With internet, we can communicate through e-mails, instant messages, chat groups, voice calls, and even video calls.Video call has made communicating and travelling through the years a lot simpler and easier. The most widely used video chatting software is Skype. Skype is software that can make free video calls and we can physically see our family, friends and relatives via videos. Skype is not only for making video calls, but with Skype, we can also make voice calls, instant messaging, and file sharing, all free of charge. It is obvious that with the invention of Skype, people now can communicate through the distances and Skype makes us easier to communicate with each other.Until September 2011, Skype has 663 million registered users around the world. I. 2 Problem 1. What is Skype and what are its features? 2. How to operate Skype? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Skype? I. 3 Purposes The pu rposes of writing this paper is to know more about Skype and its features, how to operate on this software, and to know more about the advantages and disadvantages of using Skype. II. BODY II. 1 History and Background of Skype Generally, Skype is a voice-over-Internet Protocol service that allows users to communicate with peers through voice, video, and instant messaging over the Internet.Phone calls may be placed to recipients on the traditional telephone networks. Calls to other users within the Skype service are free of charge, while calls to landline telephones and mobile phones are charged through a debit-based user account system. Skype is also popular for its additional features, such as file transfer and videoconferencing. Unlike most VoIP services, Skype uses hybrid peer-to-peer and client–server system, and makes use of background processing on computers running Skype software.Originally, Skype was to be named â€Å"Peer-to-Peer†, but it was too long so it wa s shortened to â€Å"Skyper†. However, there were some domain names that named â€Å"Skyper† as well, so eventually the â€Å"r† was deleted and the founders took the name â€Å"Skype† for the software. Skype was discovered in 2003 by Janus Friis from Denmark and Niklas Zennstrom from Sweden. The software itself was developed by Estonians Ahti Heinla, Priit Kasesalu, and Jaan Tallinn, who together with Janus and Niklas were also behind the peer-to-peer file sharing software Kazaa.Finally, in August 2003, the first public beta version was released. Skype headquarters are located in Luxembourg, and most of Most of the development team and 44% of the overall employees of the division are situated in the offices of Tallinn and Tartu, Estonia. On 10 May 2011, Microsoft agreed to purchase Skype’s license for $8. 5 billion. The company was incorporated as a division of Microsoft, and on 13 October 2011, the purchase was finally completed. II. 2 Skype†™s Features II. 2. 1 Calls between Skype and Landline or Mobile Phone Numbers a. SkypeOutSkypeOut allows Skype users to call traditional phone numbers, including mobile phones, for a fee. However, SkypeOut doesn't support calls to toll-free or premium rate numbers, and SkypeOut in other countries. SkypeOut also doesn't support calling emergency numbers such as 1-1-2 in Europe or 911 in the United States. The quality of SkypeOut service is not guaranteed, broken connections, there are drop-outs and compression distortion are frequently observed by users. Since then, Support for the above toll free numbers in Canada has been effectively removed since January 2012. b. Caller ID for Outgoing CallsSkype has a feature that allows users to set the caller ID for outgoing calls to normal telephone numbers. There is a set-up verification that involves a SMS text messaging to a selected mobile phone number, then typing the verification code into a web form. It can only be used by owners of m obile phones, since most regular home and business cannot receive text messages. However, SMS messaging from Skype’s system has not been working correctly in various locals, and even though Skype maintains the problem and it has been corrected, it continues to be inoperative, recently in the United States and Canada. . Online Numbers A feature named Online Number (until 2010 named SkypeIn) allows Skype users to receive calls on their computers dialed from mobiles or landlines to a Skype-provided phone number. The number need not be in the same location as the user. Skype offers numbers in Australia, Chile, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malta, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Romania, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.In Russia some third party companies, including SIP operators, provide direct numbers, redirecting calls to Skype. II. 2. 2 Subscriptio n Calling Calls Skype offers several monthly subscription calling plans that it calls unlimited. However, Skype limits these subscriptions to 10,000 minutes per month, 6 hours per day, and 50 telephone numbers per day. If one of these limits is exceeded, any additional calls are billed at regular rates and connection fees. II. 2. 3 Voicemail Skype Voicemail was released on March 10, 2005.This service allows callers to leave voicemail messages for Skype users who are offline. This is currently a service that users have to pay for, though several companies, provides a Skype voicemail service for free (However, these voicemail services only work when the program and the computer is online). Skype Voicemail had experienced numerous problems over the years and users complain that they never receive any voicemails. Moreover, the Online Number feature occasionally fails to record certain incoming calls on the program's history page II. 2. 4 Video Calling and Screen SharingSkype 2. 0 (and l ater) supports video calling for Skype-to-Skype calls between two parties on Microsoft Windows (DirectX 9. 0 or above required), Mac OS X, and Linux. Skype 3. 6 and later supports high definition video on Windows. Skype 3. 0. 0 on iOs allows iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch users to call each other, as well as Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. Later on Skype 5. 0 support video calls via third party hardware. Skype can also be installed through Facebook Video Chat with Skype (a Facebook product), and screen sharing in Skype will be available for Skype Premium.II. 2. 5 SMS text messaging Skype users can send SMS text messages to mobile phone numbers. In the United States, China, and Taiwan, Skype uses a â€Å"generic, pre-defined number† as the sender ID. In other countries, the message can be set to appear coming from a verified mobile number, allowing recipients to reply, or else show the first 11 characters of the Skype username. However, as of March 2011, Skype users cannot receive SMS, despite a continuing series of requests and complaints. II. 3 How to Operate and Use Skype II. 3. 1 How to Download SkypeBefore you can register on Skype, all you need is to download the application software. Since the user used Windows OS, then the user will show you how to download Skype on Windows. What you’ll need before downloading Skype are: 1. A computer with a broadband internet connection, you can’t use dial up connections since it’s too slow. 2. Speakers and a microphone. Many computers will have these built in (especially laptops), and many webcams (see below) also have microphones built in. If you don’t have speakers and a microphone, you can buy it separately. 3. A webcam.This is a small camera that connects to your computer through a USB port, if it isn’t already built into your screen. A webcam isn’t that necessary if you’re not using video calls, but if you want to use this feature, then you definitely need a webc am. Step-by-Step of Downloading Skype 1. Go to the Skype. com home page. 2. Click ‘Get Skype’ in the bar at the top. A list of computer platforms will appear. Click the one that matches your computer (most likely ‘Windows’). 3. You can choose by signing up for Skype Premium, which will cost you (but allows group video calls), or Skype Free.If you have decided your option, then click Download Skype. 4. A page will appear where you can either sign in (if you’ve registered already) or input your information to create an account. You can also register your Skype with your Facebook account if you have one. There are also a number of boxes to fill in to create an account. a. To begin, fill in your first name and last name and your email address (and repeat it). These are all required. No one will be able to see your email address. b. Profile information.All of this will be available for anyone to see on Skype, except for your mobile number, which will be r estricted to your own contacts. c. You can choose to tell Skype how you intend to use its service by clicking one of the options in the drop-down menu. d. Skype Name Enter the name that you want your Skype friends to see and which you’ll use to log in to Skype. None of the 650 million users of Skype can have the same Skype name, and the system will automatically check to see if your name has been claimed by anyone else and, if it has, will suggest alternatives. e. Password Enter (and repeat) the password you’d like to use.It must consist of 6 to 20 characters and contain both letters and numbers. f. If you don’t want promotional emails from Skype, you can uptick the two boxes towards the bottom. g. The ‘captcha’ box: This is designed to make sure that you are you and not a naughty computer. Look at the text in the first box and then type it into the box below – in this case, ‘’. If you can’t read the text, click the Refres h button and you’ll be given another bit of text to copy. h. And finally, read the terms of use and privacy statement and, if you have no objections, click I agree – Continue. . You’ll be taken to a page headed ‘Thanks for choosing Skype’. Depending on your web browser, your download should start automatically or a window should appear asking you to confirm the download. In this instance, you should click OK. 6. Your browser should have downloaded the Skype install file on to your computer – to your desktop, to your ‘Downloads’ folder or to wherever you have chosen to send downloaded files. Go to the relevant place and double-click the file labelled Skypesetup or simply Skype. 7. A window will pop up asking you which language you wish to proceed in.You can also check the end user licence agreement, privacy statement and some basic options. When you’re ready, click I agree – next to move on. 8. A new window will open . This contains a progress bar that will fill up while the Skype program downloads and installs. Once it’s done, Skype will automatically start. 9. Another window opens in which you should sign in. If you already have a Skype account, enter your Skype name and password here. If not, click Create a new account. 10. You’ve now reached your Skype home page, which gives you two options: Find friends on Skype and Dial a number.

Prince Henery the Navigator essays

Prince Henery the Navigator essays In 1394, Prince Henry the Navigator was born into royalty in Porto, Portugal. His parents were the King and Queen of Portugal. At that time, Europe was less developed in marine technology than China. Europe had not reached the advancements in the study of geography of Islamic society. However, after two centuries of hard work, Europeans dominated the world in marine technology and the study of geography. Prince Henry the Navigator helped Europe become a leader in navigation and exploration. He paved the way for Portugal to be a leader in the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry always wondered what was beyond the known world. In 1419, Prince Henry began to sponsor sailors, mapmakers, astronomers and shipbuilders who were interested in discovering new lands.(3) He had the money and imagination to send people into the unknown dangers of the ocean. He sponsored voyages that left Portugal to explore new worlds. The explorations sponsored by Prince Henry helped progress the study of geography and made Portugal a leader in navigation among European nations. Henry sent out more than 50 caravels into the sea. Prince Henry, however, never sailed on any of his voyages of discovery. (1) There were many obstacles to success in ocean navigation. Geographical knowledge of the world was not what it is today. In that time people believed that the oceans were full of dragons and sea monsters. They also believed that there were holes in the ocean where ships would disappear. The human dangers of ocean travel included wild natives, unmapped waters, and violent storms.(5). Additionally, the conditions on their ships were very bad. Men would go for weeks without fresh food or water. Around the year 1450, Prince Henry established a school for the study of navigation, mapmaking, and shipbuilding. The school for naval navigation was at Ponto de Sagres in the southwestern tip of Portugal. (7 p. 2) Henry also employed cartographers who created t...

The Farmer S Child Essay Example

The Farmer S Child Essay Example The Farmer S Child Essay The Farmer S Child Essay it did not cross the stepmothers mind at all that the boys could have been lost, she simply yearned to get rid of them. When intros icing the boys stepmother, the author describes her as Romantic and overgenerous, to her own children at This is an allusion to the fairy tale Cinderella. Cinderella stepmother did not care about the young girl and preferred her own children. The stepmother in The Farmers Children treated her own children with love and affection yet she willingly sent out Coat and Emerson into he freezing cold. Adults should care about all children, who are innocent and vulnerable, notes favor their own. Elizabeth Bishop uses characterization to convey a message of how the different characters in the story play a role in the overall message. Emerson made no distinction between honest and dishonest methods of getting the is one example of how characterization is used within the story. Emerson, who is only eight years old, dreams of having a bicycle and thinks of many obscure, fantasies in which he finally receives the bike. This is an example of his innocence and vulnerability. Usually, at he age of eight, a child is still learning the distinction between right and wrong, yet it seems as though there is no one to explain this to Emerson since his father is out drinking and his stepmother does not care. The farmer grieved wildly for a year; for some reason, one expression he gave to his feelings was to fire Judd(294) is the very last line of the story yet it portrays the character Of the farmer and his parenting style. He grieved wildly yet he was not there when his sons died, he was out drinking with the same man he hired to work for him so that the boys would not have to. If he had been there, the boys would not have been forced to go out into the barn. He is like a missing parent who is not in their childrens lives. Also, firing Judd shows that he is a man who cannot easily deal with guilt. Judd was probably a reminder of his carelessness and ignorance. Symbolism is used to foreshadow the death of the children which is caused by the ignorance of the adults. The stepmother ushered the children out of the house, Go on, go along and shut that door. Youre letting the cold in(289). This symbolizes that the blankets will most likely not be in the ran because, the stepmother did not even care that the boys had to go out into the cold but was more concerned about her own comfort at home. She went to find a n extra quilt to put over Lea Leila, Rosins, and Gracie Bell What was the name of that pattern? A snowflake (291) this is a clear example of symbolism in the story. The fact that the stepmother bothered to find an extra quilt for the girls symbolizes her love for them and not her stepsons whom she sent out without even gloves. Also, the pattern on the blanket is similar to a snowflake, symbolizing the cold the boys just face, both from the weather and their stepmothers heart. In were Farmers Children, the author Elizabeth Bishop blames the carelessness Of adults for the loss innocence Of children by utilizing the literary techniques allusion, characterization, and symbolism. She was trying to create awareness in adults that they should start to pay more attention to todays youth before it is too late to help those who need it. Adults tend to complain about the issues that teenagers and children have but not many take action to attempt to fix these problems.

Psychoanalytic Personality Essay

Psychoanalytic Personality Essay Psychoanalytic Personality Essay PHILOSOPY Cultural Dictionary Philosophy definition A study that attempts to discover the fundamental principles of the sciences, the arts, and the world that the sciences and arts deal with; the word philosophy is from the Greek for â€Å"love of wisdom.† Philosophy has many branches that explore principles of specific areas, such as knowledge ( epistemology), reasoning ( logic), being in general ( metaphysics), beauty ( aesthetics), and human conduct ( ethics). Different approaches to philosophy are also called philosophies. ( See also epicureanism, existentialism, idealism, materialism, nihilism, pragmatism, stoicism, and utilitarianism.) Epistemology e ·pis ·te ·mol ·o ·gy [ih-pis-tuh-mol-uh-jee] Show IPA noun a branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits of human knowledge. Origin: 1855–60; Greek epistá ¸â€"m ( Ä“ ) knowledge + -o- + -logy Related forms e ·pis ·te ·mo ·log ·i ·cal [ih-pis-tuh-muh-loj-i-kuhl] Show IPA , adjective e ·pis ·te ·mol ·o ·gist, noun Word Origin History epistemology "theory of knowledge," 1856, coined by Scot. philosopher James F. Ferrier (1808-64) from Gk. episteme "knowledge," from Ionic Gk. epistasthai "know how to do, understand," lit. "overstand," from epi- "over, near" + histasthai "to stand." The scientific (as opposed to philosophical) study of the roots and paths of knowledge is epistemics (1969). Cultural Dictionary epistemology [(i-pis-tuh- mol -uh-jee)] The branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and origin of knowledge. Epistemology asks the question â€Å"How do we know what we know?† Logic Word Origin History logic mid-14c., "branch of philosophy that treats of forms of thinking," from O.Fr. logique, from L. (ars) logica, from Gk. logike (techne) "reasoning (art)," from fem. of logikos "pertaining to speaking or reasoning," from logos "reason, idea, word" (see logos). Meaning "logical Online Etymology Dictionary,  © 2010 Douglas Harper Cite This Source American Heritage Science Dictionary logic a id="dic_result" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/audio.html/ahsdWAV/L0024200/logic" target="_blank"img src="http://static.sfdict.com/dictstatic/g/d/speaker.gif" border="0" alt="logic pronunciation" //a (lÃ… j'Ä ­k) Pronunciation Key The study of the principles of reasoning, especially of the structure of propositions as distinguished from their content and of method and validity in deductive reasoning. | The American Heritage ® Science Dictionary Copyright  © 2002. Published by Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved. Cite This Source American Heritage Cultural Dictionary logic definition The branch of philosophy dealing with the principles of reasoning. Classical logic, as taught in ancient Greece and Rome, systematized rules for deduction. The modern scientific and philosophical logic of deduction has become closely allied to mathematics, especially in showing how the foundations of mathematics lie in logic. Metaphysics World English Dictionary descriptive metaphysics | | - n | | ( functioning as singular ) the philosophical study of the structure of how we think about the world | Word Origin History metaphysics late 14c., "branch of speculation which deals with the first causes of things," from M.L. metaphysica, neut. pl. of Medieval Gk. (ta) metaphysika, from Gk. ta meta ta physika "the (works) after the Physics," title of the 13 treatises which traditionally were arranged after those on physics and natural Aesthetics aes ·thet ·ics [es-thet-iks or, esp. British, ees-] Show IPA noun ( used with a singular verb ) 1. the branch of philosophy dealing with such notions as the beautiful, the ugly, the sublime, the comic, etc., as applicable to the fine arts, with a view to establishing the meaning and validity of critical judgments concerning works of art, and the principles underlying or justifying such judgments. 2. the study of

The Influence of continuous education in Nursing Profession Research Paper

The Influence of continuous education in Nursing Profession (Literature Review) - Research Paper Example The study emphasized on the need to customize the training of nurses in a manner that reflects the needs of the clients. The government, industrialists, and the academia should support fellowships and a range of educational forums bringing together local nurse leaders. Such a partnership, according to the study, would promote a sense of sustainability. According to the study, continuing education for the nurses would be achieved more effectively if the existing structures are revamped and replaced with more constructive systems that would help to achieve evidence-based practices and general competency. Quality and consistence, according to the study, would be achieved through enriched educational programs. Continuous educational programs, according to the study, would, in the long-term, help to address the challenge of staffing that continues to afflict many parts of the United States. The methodology amply explored on the value of training within the nursing profession and the need for partnership in enabling the process. However, it would have been more appropriate to narrow down on the specifics, as the information collected appears too broad, general, and comprehensive. However, this information could be synthesized for the purpose of utilization in further studies and particularly those of a quantitative nature. Newman, Maylor, and Chansarkar (2002) conducted a qualitative study on the factors behind the retention and satisfaction of nurses. Interviews were conducted on respondents comprising of a sample of over 130 midwives and nurses who served in London Trust hospitals. Nurses were asked about their views on the quality of service and the work environment. The interviews were semi-structured and in-depth. They were conducted in a face-to-face method between the interviewer and the interviewee. Five pilot interviews were conducted before the explorative qualitative study was carried out. The information was organized into patterns of themes representing the main objective of the study. Conceptually, the study sought to establish the connection between the levels of nurse satisfaction, the quality of service, and retention. Among the many factors cited by the respondents as their primary motivations, education and continuous training was perceived to be of significant value. The respondents perceived education and continuous training as key to personal development, and one that would enable them to achieve a certain level of flexibility. Such flexibility would guarantee them the opportunity to switch into different areas of nursing and other fields such as the police force where nursing was applicable. The qualitative method was appropriate for this study because it supplied a range of insights that expanded the understanding of the role of continuous training and other supportive factors in promoting nurse satisfaction and the quality of service in the industry. A study conducted by Deshong and Henderson (2010) adopted a qualitativ e research design to establish the impact of strategies meant to maximize the potential of skilled nursing workforce. The study adopted a case study approach that centered on Princes Alexandra Hospital (PAH). The study sought to establish the impact of a special program subsidized by the Commonwealth and the state and meant to address the developmental needs of Assistants-in-Nursing (AINs). In principle, the program was meant to seek ways of addressing the challenge of

Journal article for Interprofessional practice beyond the health care

Journal for Interprofessional practice beyond the health care system - Article Example The authors aptly concluded by stating that â€Å"changing health practice should similarly be a joint responsibility† (Timmermans and Mauck, 2005, p. 26). as partners in education† and published in The Hearing Journal emphasized the importance for audiologists to work collaborately with teachers, parents and speech-language pathologists in the proposing interventions on children who are impaired with hearing problems. The author presented information relative to the children’s educational setting, daily classroom routine, students’ personality and academic performance, as well as the support services received in the school setting. Harrison’s findings indicate that â€Å"audiologists who actively engage in a productive relationship with their patients’ educators will find (teachers and speech-language pathologists) to be invaluable partners† (Harrison, 2001, p. 60). The lecture delivered on October 25, 2011 on Health Practitioner Practice 2 presented initially the definitions of inter-professional practice, inter-professional education and inter-professional learning; as well as expounded on other critical terms within this topic (uni- or intra-professional, multi-professional, multi-disciplinary, teamwork and trans-professional). The lecture likewise delved into the importance of studying inter-professional practices, as well the the benefits accorded by working together. The rationale for current interest in the subject was also explained due to changing demographics, among others. More importantly, the implications for students were highlighted to enhance inter-disciplinary experience through increased knowledge, skills and abilties in handling the delivery of health services across multi-disciplinary settings (HLTH1306: Health Practitioner Practice 2 2011). The readings and lecture notes have actually emphasized the importance of collaborating with other health care

Challenges of Tourism in Orlando Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Challenges of Tourism in Orlando - Essay Example The growth of Orlando from a small town to a large internationally-recognized tourist city has been shaped by several factors. The hostilities between Settlers and Seminole Indians resulted in Florida’s statehood. In the 1860s, cattle ranching was the widely practiced activity in Central Florida. However, the practice was characterized by chaos resulting in the violent cattle wars of the 1860s (Frommers, 2015). Earlier, infrastructure was absent, and its development began in the 1870s. As the years progressed, cattle ranching was abandoned, and residents picked up citrus farming, industrialization, and real estate development. Fires and fruit-fly infestation rolled back the gains, but infrastructure expansion and the population growth continued during the Second World War.Postwar prosperity of Orlando was contributed by the strong financial and transportation infrastructure developed during the Second World War. Also, the advent of the air-conditioner attracted more people to the city. The bustling tourism industry discharged millions of dollars into the local economy and the massive industrialization in the 1950s contributed to rapid growth. Elsewhere, the prosperity has been characterized by the absence of civil behavior. The cattle wars of 1860’s saw the seeds for gunfights, bar brawls, and murders. The problem of cattle rustling is an activity that petered down, but has persisted up to now. Orlando’s tourism industry is characterized by theme parks populated with hotel chains and numerous restaurants.

The impact of the foreign intervention on the uprisings during the Essay

The impact of the foreign intervention on the uprisings during the Arab spring - Essay Example Foreign intervention has played significant role in accelerating the uprising and influencing their outcome. This paper examines the impact of foreign intervention on the Arab awakening. Origin of Arab uprising The extent of foreign intervention in Arab uprising varies across the different countries that experienced or are currently undergoing the upheavals. Before investigating the various foreign interventions, it is important to investigate the underlying social, economic and political factors in various Arab countries in North Africa and Middle East. According to Timo and Mika, protests in Tunisia and Egypt were driven by similar social, economic and political motives. Uprisings in both countries took an identical course of events that ultimately resulted to the fall of the existing governments. The dissatisfaction with the economic situation played a critical role in causing the uprising in Egypt and Tunisia. For several decades, both countries had initiated economic reforms to stimulate and enhance trade in the region in response to globalization. However, the reforms adversely affected the living standards of the majority middle and low-income groups creating resentment. Prior to the uprising in Tunisia and Egypt, majority of the citizens experienced decline in real wages, high inflation, and increasing levels of unemployment. The situation was worse among the youth, especially graduates, who experienced high levels of unemployment (Kitchen, 14). The â€Å"Jasmine Revolution† that was precursor to Arab spring in Tunisian was started by unemployed graduate Mohamed Bouazizi who set himself ablaze after he was denied authority to sell groceries in the streets of a Tunisian city(Kumaraswamy, 6) Although the economic reforms generated significant job opportunities, in these regions, most jobs were low skilled and of dismal wages. Moreover, the high population growth in these countries has not been accompanied by proportionate economic growth to absorb the citizens into the labor market. A combination of these factors left many unemployed and middle class youth disillusioned with countries’ political systems (Kumaraswamy, 6). The political structure in Egypt and Tunisia also played a critical role in causing the uprising. According to Timo and Mika, the political governance in these countries is dictatorial, where cronyism and nepotism reigned supreme. The poor, â€Å"unconnected† and educated individuals lacked access to employment opportunities while the crony capitalism amassed wealth and power in the country at the expense of meritocracy (5-6). The disenchanted but educated youth formed the core of the uprising in the affected countries. Political oppression is another major defining characteristic of the countries affected by the uprising. For long period, leadership in the affected Arabic countries has been autocratic, suppressing fundamental human rights and freedoms. In Egypt, the leadership of President Hosn i Mubarak was characterized by ruthless crackdown on public protests and other forms of expression. In addition, the government manipulated elections in favor of the incumbent, who had remained in power for over three decades. The government utilized state security agencies to

Wgs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wgs - Essay Example AWDF also mobilizes human, material and financial resources in order to foster gender parity in Africa, and to promote the rights of African women. AWDF believes that helping women organizations acquire enough skills, adequate livelihoods, information and the chance to actualize transformatory decisions gives rise to all-inclusive, dynamic and healthy communities (See: http://www.awdf.org/our-work/about). The problems that AWDF seeks to address are oppression of women’s rights, minimal political participation, conflicts, HIV/AIDS prevalence, economic disempowerment of women, and the absence of health and reproductive rights of women. AWDF sees these problems as social challenges as stark manifestation of the position of powerlessness into which patriarchal African societies relegated the womenfolk. In this light, AWDF describes these issues as thematic areas (goals). The failure to democratize has exacerbated women’s problems. Undemocratic governments lack stable mechanisms for the peaceful transfer of power from one regime to another. Political violence readily erupts after elections in Africa, with women suffering the heaviest casualty. Likewise, these governments, because of the absence of checks and balances, suffer a lot of excesses from the executive wing; with corruption, ineptitude and inequitable distribution of resources being prevalent. Women suffer the most in these governments due to the absence of affirmative action (See: http://www.fawe.org/). AWDF identifies itself explicitly as feminist. Nominally, the second initial of the acronym AWDF standing for ‘women’. Secondly, the aim of the organization underscores the restriction of its services to women, since AWDF asserts that its chief intent is funding African women’s organizations. Thirdly, AWDF staff comprises women only. Some of its leaders are Professor Bene Madunagu (Nigeria), Prudence Mabele (South Africa), Dr. Rose Mensah Kutin

Building an Innovation Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Building an Innovation Strategy - Assignment Example This theory clearly states that there are stages of adoption of innovation, which starts with awareness, followed by interest, evaluation, trial, and finally adoption (Rogers, 2010). Rogers also suggested that there are factors affecting diffusion of innovation. These include innovativeness, risk-taking and age, resistance to change, innovative attitudes and values (Rogers, 2010). In other words, innovation cannot easily be gained, because it is affected by some individual or personal characteristics (Rogers, 2010). If personal characteristics are directed towards the same goal that will lead to the successful implementation of innovation, then at some point, Rogers’ idea will guarantee us of the achievement of innovativeness linked to risk-taking behavior and age, and the level of resistance to change, and innovative attitudes and values. In reality, the level of innovativeness of every individual varies. There are individuals who are earlier in adopting an innovation compare d to the other members within the entire social systems. Based on the idea of Rogers, this variation will be a remarkable barrier to successful implementation of innovation, because not everyone will have to hold on to the same level of innovativeness. Innovativeness simply is about opportunity at some point or to which it is being presented first. However, not all individuals have the same level of risk-taking behaviors and even age. According to Roger, this factor will have to matter because older managers are less likely to take risks as empirically observed. Even people are also hesitant to accept transition, such as acceptance of new technology as the effect. This is a remarkable manifestation of the individual’s nature to resist change. Finally, there are situations that influenced people attitudes or values because of certain situations. According to Rogers, these are remarkable factors that will influence the level of innovation that will take place in an organization . However, contrary to the idea of Rogers, Joseph Schumpeter argued that innovation can be seen as â€Å"creative destruction† waves allowing it to restructure the entire market for the advantage of those who are able to grasp discontinuities faster (McCraw, 2009). In other words, this theory establishes the point that capitalists have continued enhancement of the existing structure, by administering it, but this can only possibly bring the idea of the cycle between creation and destruction. There is therefore a cycle of things concerning innovation if one will take into account the idea of Schumpeter. This may therefore place some certain firms in â€Å"Open Innovation† by which there is a dominant element of becoming flexible in the use of several business models (Hafkesbrink, Hoppe and Schlichter, 2010). The above concepts and theories closely illustrate the success factors for people and innovation. Next to this point is concerning the organisation design models th at drive innovation. Any effective organizational design models that exist at present are good at aligning business strategies and objectives to guarantee that resources are efficiently

A Power Play for Howard in Many Acts Assignment

A Power Play for Howard in Many Acts - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that West Unseld, Bullet General Manager, was the very first to offer Juwan Howard a $78.4 million 7-year contract and commended him for his loyalty. The NBA Star felt his market value was higher. He valued loyalty and would feel sad about leaving Washington. But he was considering that a much better offer would be worth the sacrifice. Bill Brubaker and Mark Asher (1996) reported that Miami Heat NBA Team bid $100.8 million + other benefits for a 7-year contract â€Å"with luxury hotel suites and limousine service† to win over Juwan Howard. The entire Washington NBA enthusiasts needed to see the Bullets win. People saw that Juwan Howard could make that happen because of his height, shooting, rebound, and assist averages, and his attitude of being polite, soft-spoken, and charitable. However, his cash compensation from the viewpoint of the team’s General Manager was not satisfactory considering that he had been receiving better offers. Grant Hill of Detroit, Alonzo Mourning of Miami Heat, and Patrick Ewing of New York Knicks were inviting him to join their teams. So he tried asking for a much higher compensation. Such problems can be identified in this case: Taking the point of view of Miami Heat, how can Juwan Howard be convinced to take a stand for his decision to sign the first contract and be supportive for the arbitration contesting the results of bidding? (How can the basketball fans of the Bullets be satisfied with whatever will be the decision of Juwan Howard? How can the NBA League officials and the Union appease all parties of the negotiation, including the fans? How can Juwan Howard achieve his goal to get what he believes to be the market value of his basketball skills?

Building an Innovation Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Building an Innovation Strategy - Assignment Example This theory clearly states that there are stages of adoption of innovation, which starts with awareness, followed by interest, evaluation, trial, and finally adoption (Rogers, 2010). Rogers also suggested that there are factors affecting diffusion of innovation. These include innovativeness, risk-taking and age, resistance to change, innovative attitudes and values (Rogers, 2010). In other words, innovation cannot easily be gained, because it is affected by some individual or personal characteristics (Rogers, 2010). If personal characteristics are directed towards the same goal that will lead to the successful implementation of innovation, then at some point, Rogers’ idea will guarantee us of the achievement of innovativeness linked to risk-taking behavior and age, and the level of resistance to change, and innovative attitudes and values. In reality, the level of innovativeness of every individual varies. There are individuals who are earlier in adopting an innovation compare d to the other members within the entire social systems. Based on the idea of Rogers, this variation will be a remarkable barrier to successful implementation of innovation, because not everyone will have to hold on to the same level of innovativeness. Innovativeness simply is about opportunity at some point or to which it is being presented first. However, not all individuals have the same level of risk-taking behaviors and even age. According to Roger, this factor will have to matter because older managers are less likely to take risks as empirically observed. Even people are also hesitant to accept transition, such as acceptance of new technology as the effect. This is a remarkable manifestation of the individual’s nature to resist change. Finally, there are situations that influenced people attitudes or values because of certain situations. According to Rogers, these are remarkable factors that will influence the level of innovation that will take place in an organization . However, contrary to the idea of Rogers, Joseph Schumpeter argued that innovation can be seen as â€Å"creative destruction† waves allowing it to restructure the entire market for the advantage of those who are able to grasp discontinuities faster (McCraw, 2009). In other words, this theory establishes the point that capitalists have continued enhancement of the existing structure, by administering it, but this can only possibly bring the idea of the cycle between creation and destruction. There is therefore a cycle of things concerning innovation if one will take into account the idea of Schumpeter. This may therefore place some certain firms in â€Å"Open Innovation† by which there is a dominant element of becoming flexible in the use of several business models (Hafkesbrink, Hoppe and Schlichter, 2010). The above concepts and theories closely illustrate the success factors for people and innovation. Next to this point is concerning the organisation design models th at drive innovation. Any effective organizational design models that exist at present are good at aligning business strategies and objectives to guarantee that resources are efficiently

Virtue and Courage Essay Example for Free

Virtue and Courage Essay What is the first thing that pops up in your mind when you hear this word? Is it a person jumping down a building, someone confronting his enemies, voicing out his opinions or nothing at all? For me, I think of a noble action when I hear this word. Courage was originally a Latin word, â€Å"coraticum†. The root â€Å"cor† means heart and it was added to the suffix, â€Å"age† to fit the English language. Literally, courage means â€Å"an action that comes from the heart†. Courage can be split into two, physical courage and moral courage. â€Å"Physical courage† is courage in the face of physical pain, hardship, or threat of death while â€Å"moral courage† is the ability to act rightly in the face of popular opposition, shame or discouragement. The main interpretation of the usage of this word is â€Å"to describe people who have a quality of mind that allows them to face danger without fear†. For many people, risking or sacrificing one’s life for others is the highest example of courage. However, many of us experience courage in everyday life without even realising it. Certain devoted actions made by ordinary people in ordinary situations can be courageous. Courage can be living with a handicapped person, moving on with life after the death of a loved one, or even working hard to pay your monthly bills. In Ancient times, courage was considered to be one of the four essential virtues in life: wisdom, courage, temperance and justice. Courage is one of the most important qualities in a man because without it, he will not be able to show his other virtues. You cannot buy courage or get it from someone else. You can only be inspired by the examples of other people. All in all, courage is not just a gained state of mind as a result of meritorious education, it is a calling of a soul. An integral part of a man’s personality. So whether it is dying for another person or fighting for something good, we should all practise it.

Comparing Politics In The Us And Saudi Arabia Politics Essay

Comparing Politics In The Us And Saudi Arabia Politics Essay A political system is the system of the government and usually the government works to develop their political system. In most countries, the political system has some weaknesses and strengths points because nothing can be perfect also; it has some similarities and differences between countries to other country. Countries success depends on the political system because the political system is significant to development the country. United States is one of greatest countries on the earth because it has superior political system. Although Saudi Arabia does not compare with success of United States, they are attempting to be more achievement in the world. The political systems of United States and Saudi Arabia have some similarities and differences. United states and Saudi Arabia have a competent authority to discuses and give the rules for the country. In United States, the Congress has the power to formulate the rule. The Congress decides the rule to be appropriate for the government and they decide to improve their country to be more powerful and successful. For instance, after the war between United States and Vietnam, the Congress decided to stop the conscription because it did not help the country. The Congress put the rules appropriate for society because United States is multicultural and multi-religions country. The religion sometime against some rules but the Congress decides to be away of problems. In Saudi Arabia, Majles Alshora has the right to make the rules. Majles Alshora decides the rules suitable with Islamic religion. For example, Saudi Arabia has capital punishment because it is part of Islamic religion also, everything is close at the pray times accept hospitals and clinics so it is close five times a day. M ajles Alshora makes the rules suitable for society but it has to be compatible with Islamic religion. For instance, they have free education and they give students wages to encourage them to study because the knowledge is part of Islamic religion. In conclusion, the rules in United States and Saudi Arabia have the same way to decide it. The foreign relations of United States and Saudi Arabia are similar to each other because, they have diplomatic relations with most countries. United States has diplomatic relations with most countries and it has problems with some countries in the Middle East so, United States has perfect relations with most countries with the exception of Middle East. For instance, it has great relation with United Kingdom, France, Israel and Saudi Arabia. However, United States is fighting the terrorism especially in the Middle East so, United States has some war in the Middle East. For instance, it has war with Iraq because they said Iraq was terrorist country also, it has war in Afghanistan because they are fighting Al-Qaida and many countries help them to end the terrorist in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia has diplomatic relations with most countries also; it has problems with some countries in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia has a political relation with most European, Asian, African and American countries so; they have political relation with most countries because Saudi Arabia has petrol and every country needs the petrol because it is the main energy source in the world. However, Saudi Arabia has some problems with some countries in the Middle East such as Iran and Israel because, Iran helps the terrorist people in Saudi Arabia and there is a religion problem with Israel. In conclusion, United States and Saudi Arabia have the same foreign relations because the political relations with most countries accept in the Middle East. In spite of these similarities, these two Countries have some differences. The leadership in United States and Saudi Arabia has huge differences because United States has presidential system and Saudi Arabia has a monarchy system. The president of United States is the chief of States and government and has the highest political official by influence and recognition the United States. People have the right to vote for their president in United States because this is United States policy. Every four years the citizen vote for president. The president should lead the country for four years or eight years. For instance, the citizen in United States voted for George W. Bush before he leaded the country for four years and, when his four years has finished, the citizen voted for him again however, he cannot be president of United States because he was president for eight years. But on the other hand, Saudi Arabia has totally different leadership system because Saudi Arabia has monarchy system. Saudi Arabia has royal family and the king has to be from the royal fam ily of Saudi Arabia. The first king of Saudi Arabia was king Abdul-Aziz bin Abdurrahman because he was the Saudi Arabias founder. Before he died, he established his son Saud to be the king Of Saudi Arabia. The king leads the country until he dies and the royal family chooses one to lead the country. For instance, King Fahad bin Abdul-Aziz had been the king of Saudi Arabia for twenty three years until he died after that the royal family had chosen his brother Abdulla to be king and he is the king of Saudi Arabia until now. In short, There are quite differences between Unites States and Saudi Arabia in the leadership because, the system in United States is presidential and kingdom in Saudi Arabia. The other different between the political system of United States and Saudi Arabia is the economy. United States and Saudi Arabia have the larger economy in the world but they have differences in the economic system. United States has a capitalist mixed economy so; United States economy depends on industrial. United States has many of largest company in many things in the world such as vehicles manufacturing, computer companies and aircrafts factories. However, The companies have been dropping since the last global financial crises that affected most countries and companies. For instance, General Motors is one of greatest companies and it is Americans company also the government supports it but it affected by the last global financial crises. United States encourages the population to have their own business to increase the United States economy because economic of the country depends on the public business. But on the other hand, Saudi Arabia has an Islamic economy system so the Isl amic economy system is what written in the Quran and also Saudi Arabias economy depends on petrol. The economy of Saudi Arabia is one of the greatest countries because of the petrol moreover Petrol is abundantly in Saudi Arabia. Although the last global financial crises had affected most countries, Saudi Arabia had made outrageous profit because the price of oil had reached into the highest level. Saudi Arabia exports the petrol to many countries on the world because it exports more than eight millions barrel per a day. In conclusion, some countries have differences in economic system and United States and Saudi Arabia are one of these countries. The political system of United States and Saudi Arabia: different, yet alike. Although the two countries differ in many parts such as diverse in the economic system and command system adopted various between them. In addition, the difference assist to have some similarities because there are no countries has entirely different. However, there are some similarities between United States and Saudi Arabia in many parts at the political system for example the two countries has the same foreign relation specially in the Middle East and the most important resemblance is the competent authority to establish the rules.

ADHD and My Family: Searching for a More Scientific Explanation :: Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder

ADHD and My Family: Searching for a More Scientific Explanation My father, like many Asian immigrants, left India to pursue his educational goals in America in order to provide a better life for his family. He arrived in the U.S. with fourteen dollars in his coat pocket, a suitcase in his hands, and a will to succeed. For my father, in a place like America where opportunities were plentiful and where hard work actually paid off there was no excuse not to succeed. The practical translation of this belief meant that if his children worked hard in school there was nothing they too could not achieve. As such, in my father's household, not doing well in school was not an option. Because of his cultural background my father found my brother's poor performance in school incomprehensible. I too was puzzled by my brother's attitude towards school. He and I grew up in the same house with the same parents and the same set of values. Yet, he seemed to not care about school at all. For a long time, my family and I attributed my brother's C's in school and obvious inability to concentrate to laziness and a lack of motivation. My brother's diagnosis with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was both a welcomed explanation and a shock to my parents. On the one hand, my mother and father had begun to question their parenting abilities, and this allowed them to shift the blame from themselves. On the other hand, they had a very limited understanding of mental illness. In particular, the concept of mental illness itself was not something they were terribly familiar with. For my parents, problems of the mind were problems that existed within the scope of personal will power. In many ways, I partially subscribe to the world-view that my parents hold. As such, until recently, I've been skeptical of my brother's diagnosis. In particular, at the time, it seemed to me that distractibility was something that I too suffered from. I didn't enjoy forcing myself to concentrate, but I did it because I knew that I had to. In addition, my brother seemed perfectly capable of concentrating when he was playing soccer, watching the Discovery channel or playing video games. In my mind, his problems appeared to be that he was spoiled and didn't like being told what to do. In addition, I think that ADHD gave everyone in my family the excuse that they needed.

New Computer-based Communication Technologies Essay -- Communication

Today’s organization has access to communications technology that only a few short decades ago would have seemed like science fiction. From mobile devices more powerful than the first personal computers to the ability to create a team that never physically meets and resides in different parts of the world, the possibilities are vast. The issue for the modern manager then, is not only to understand these underlying technologies and the possibilities they provide, but also to stay cognizant of the limitations of the technology. After all, the goal is to improve the efficiency and performance of the organization, not implement the latest shiny new toy. This essay seeks to explore these new computer-based communication technologies, understand their advantages and disadvantages, and to then define which communication methods are better suited to the various tasks that a manager may face. In this context, communication is defined as â€Å"The process by which a person, group or organization (the sender) transmits some type of information (the message) to another person, group or organization† (Hannagan & Bennett, 2008, p. 304). â€Å"New Computer-based Technologies† is defined as any communications medium that requires Information Technology (computers, data networks, etc) as its communication channel. To decide if a technology is an advantage or disadvantage to an organization, then, we must evaluate the technology against the norm, in this case communication methods that do not rely on Information Technology, such as face-to-face meetings, paper based communication and the humble telephone. Reading the above definition of the word â€Å"communication†, one could be forgiven for thinking that it is a straight forward process: the sender of th... ...-to-Face. Journal of Business Communication, 48(1), 54-82. doi: 10.1177/0021943610385656 Lo, S. K. (2008). The nonverbal communication functions of emoticons in computer-mediated communication. Cyberpsychology & behavior : the impact of the Internet, multimedia and virtual reality on behavior and society, 11(5), 595-597. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2007.0132 Taylor, T. (2011). Video conferencing vs talking face-to-face: is video suitable for supportive dialogue? International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 18(7). Thomas, G. F., Zolin, R., & Hartman, J. L. (2009). The Central Role of Communication in Developing Trust and Its Effect On Employee Involvement. Journal of Business Communication, 46(3), 287-310. doi: 10.1177/0021943609333522 Webster, J. (1998). Desktop Videoconferencing: Experiences of Complete Users, Wary Users, and Non-Users. MIS Quarterly(September).

Annotated Bibliography: Arts Education

Arts Education in America: An Annotated Bibliography Statement of Scope: The purpose of this bibliography is to attain information from credible sources on arts programs in schools. The goal is to provide enough information so that the reader is then able to form their own opinions on the benefits, problems, and policies on arts programs at varying levels of education. Those looking to find detailed information will find this bibliography to be a good starting point. Parsad, B. , and Spiegelman, M. 2012.Arts Education in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools: 1999–2000 and 2009–10 (NCES 2012–014). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U. S. Department of Education. Washington, DC. Web. 24 Jan. 2013 This source is a presentation of unbiased information about both the overall arts education programs and specific sections including: visual arts, music, dance, and theater/drama. The report utilizes a plethora of charts, graphs, and other visual aids to help organize and present the information.Parsad and Spiegelman first present their findings on overall arts education programs including the percentages of schools offering visual arts, music, dance and theater classes. They then dedicate ten to fifteen pages discussing the particulars of each section of the arts listed above. There is so much information in this article that it would be great for someone looking for a broad spectrum understanding of arts education programs. The visual aids complement the information presented and would be easy to incorporate into a variety of works.For someone who is looking to get very specific information about a specific program then this would be a good source to start with, the way the report is divided makes it very easy to find information on a specific sections of an arts program, i. e. music or drama. It would provide the reader with enough information that they could ask their own questions and be able to look fu rther into a specific topic. Catterall, Dumais, and Hampden-Thompson. March 2012. The arts and achievement in at-risk youth : findings from four longitudinal studies. National Endowment for the Arts. Research Report #55). Web. 24 Jan. 2013. This research report is a presentation of years of studies conducted by the National Endowment for the Arts and similar organizations, most being government funded. The authors arrange the report in such a way that the bulk of the report is given through the use of visual graphs and charts, which are accompanied by conclusive statements like â€Å"Teenagers and young adults of low socioeconomic status (SES) who have a history of in-depth arts involvement show better academic outcomes than do low-SES youth who have less arts involvement.They earn better grades and demonstrate higher rates of college enrollment and attainment. † (12) Most of the graphs simply relate percentages of students with low and high levels of art engagement to achiev e certain things like high school graduation, entering a bachelors program, and attaining a steady professional level career. For every study and graph presented or reviewed there is clearly cited sources, if any confusion remains the appendix and cited pages are very clear about how to find more information. Being that this is a report of findings from a national organization it is not biased to or for support of arts programs.For anyone looking for specific statistics to use in a presentation or report of their own, this research report could be very helpful. As previously stated the bulk of the information is presented through graphs and charts that utilize percentages, and is therefore very easy to take and use in a presentation without having to do much work yourself. For someone looking for a more scholarly breakdown of the benefits of arts education on high-risk students this report will not be as helpful, as it would be time consuming to trace the information presented back to the original sources. Dwyer, M.Christine. 2011. Reinvesting in Arts Education: Winning America's Future through Creative Schools. President's Committee on the Arts and the Humanities. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. The reports emphasizes the essential role that arts education programs play in improving student engagement and building creativity. Dwyer discusses, in a lengthy and wordy overview, the current Arts Education programs and policies shortcomings. â€Å"It is widely agreed that the U. S. public education system is not adequately serving a significant portion of our nation’s children and that public K-12 schools must change dramatically o achieve the Administration’s goal that the United States become a global leader in postsecondary attainment by 2020†¦ School leaders and teachers will need to step up to the challenge of finding new ways to engage many more students in meaningful learning†¦ † (27) More importantly, this report discusses possible soluti ons such as reinvesting in arts education, and argues for creating arts-rich schools that can engage students in ways that complement the study of the arts and other traditional subjects such as literature, history, science, and mathematics.Another key takeaway from this report is it shows readers the link between arts education and achievement in other subjects. Being that this source is a report by the President’s Committee on the Arts and the Humanities, it attempts to present evidence to support the positions of the president and his corresponding political party. As political and wordy as this report is it would most likely benefit someone looking into the politics side of arts education, it would not be as helpful for someone looking for developmental and long term benefits of art involvement in schools.Rabkin, Hedberg. 2011. Arts Education in America: What the Declines Mean for Arts Participation. Based on the 2008 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts. National E ndowment for the Arts. (Research Report #52). Web. 24 Jan. 2013. This report presents its findings after researching important question related to arts education in America. Questions like: Has participation in arts programs declined? What does it mean for teachers and students? How has this affected participation in other extracurricular activities?How does this affect support for programs? The article presents the questions to the reader and then follows up with information that supports both positive and negative claims about the answer. Charts are used when needed to simplify information into an easily digestible visual aid. There are numerous sources used as evidence for the information presented, as well as suggestions for further investigation into the questions presented. This report has a very neutral stance towards the information presented.There is good information presented for varying arguments and the ultimate decision is left to the reader. This source would be a fair report to use in a work, especially if in an argumentative essay you need information for the view that opposes yours. However for someone looking for highly specific information this report will only be useful for an introduction into the questions being asked about the national education programs. Oxtoby, David W. 2012. The Place of Arts in Liberal Education. Liberal Education, v98 n2 p36-41 Spr 2012.Oxtoby uses a great deal of logic to explain his opinion on the place of arts in liberal education and he uses statistics to support his views. In his article, he states that diversity in the curriculum is a keystone to success in any liberal education program. He also claims that part of that diversity needs to include a program where students can express their creativity. Being able to express their creativity and the stimulation provided by arts programs lead to more successful students, both in academics, community involvement, and professional work environments.This article is a good source of simple and sound logic in support of arts programs being included in all liberal education. Oxtoby’s statements and presentation of the information is biased towards supports arts programs, but he always includes evidence to support his ideas. Also, while he does not approve of excluding arts in liberal education there is never any negativity in his statements, only more supporting evidence for his ideas. Some readers will find this article to be dry and uninteresting unless they already have some knowledge and opinions on the place of arts in education programs.

Revies Of Related Literature And Studies Essay

According to the article of Grace Melanie Lacamiento 2012 entitled Mobile apps could be huge export product for Phl, the tremendous growth of Smartphone usage in the country make the creation of mobile applications a lucrative option that local developers and start-up technopreneurs should look into. Alvin Gendrano, director of Microsoft Philippines Developers and Platform Group, said that now is a ripe opportunity for the creation of mobile applications. Software products such as games, musical content and applications, could be a huge export market for the Philippines. Even the lack of ï ¬ nancial resources, he said that Filipino software engineers could start with a small team to take advantage of the demand for digital products in the global market along with other developers in advance countries. If we have more Filipino apps in the market, there is a chance that one will make it big. We dont have something similar to Angry Birds or Fruit ninja but once we have a Philippine application that is world renowned, then we would make it, he added. Chief executive oï ¬Æ'cer Jerry Rapes there are diï ¬â‚¬erent segments in the mobile application that developers could exploit. They must consider developing apps for lifestyle, entertainment, enterprises, healthcare and gaming. He further said that success in the industry depends on the skills, determination and passion to build software products. You have to work more, fail more, and produce more. Dont be scared of failing since failure gives you higher opportunity towards success. Software development doesnt need a lot of investment. It requires whats within your brain  and your passion, he said. This article discussed how Filipino developers can contribute to the fast growing development of mobile application because of the trends on mobile application. It also discussed that the success in developing software  product depends on the skills and determination and passion of the developer. With this proposed application this will help the researcher to upgrade his programming language and gain knowledge in developing a mobile application that can contribute to fast growing mobile apps in the Philippines. From the article of anonymous writer from the internet, 2009 entitled Using Mobile Phones as Teachers in The Philippines Twenty public elementary schools in Ilagan Isabela Philippines are now capable of accessing interactive multimedia educational videos through the use of mobile phones. Text2Teach is a program that makes use of mobile technology so that schools can have access to rich multimedia videos. It aims to improve the quality of teaching in grades 5 and 6 in public elementary schools by providing highly interactive, easy to use multimedia packages designed to help make learning more exciting and meaningful among students. Using a Nokia N95 8GB mobile phone, 387 interactive, educational videos in math, science, and English are pre-loaded into the phones for the teachers to choose from. A teacher simply plugs the phone into a TV and plays the video lesson for the day in the classroom for the students to enjoy and learn from. The 3 to 5-minute educational videos created for the project bring these subjects to life, illustrating key concepts, skills, and competencies that students are expected to master. These video lesson plans also help make teachers’ lives easier and are compliant with the Basic Education Curriculum. In the future, additional educational videos will be  developed and these will be accessed by the schools using Globe’s 3G technology. The article describe the use of mobile phone of elementary schools in Ilagan Isabela Philippines in accessing interactive multimedia educational videos to bring the subject to life, illustrating key concepts, skills, and competencies that students are expected to master and to improve the quality of education, it also help the teaching and the learning more easier. The article relates to the researchers proposed study might also help the students in bringing the subject to life, illustrating key  concepts, skills, and competencies for students to master and also help the teaching and the learning easier and faster through the use of mobile application. From the article of Tatin Yang in 2012 entitled Learning in tablet form, the iPad was a game changer in so many ways. The tablet was a portable medium that can access and store information, images, music, videogames and other various needs, with the battery life that could last all day. With other brands producing their own versions of iPads, tablet computing is back in a huge and permanent way. With the tablet becoming indispensable in many trades, it was only a matter of time before they became ï ¬ xtures in schools. Lozada said, The tablet is very teacher friendly. Its the same lesson plan and the same teaching methods; its just a medium thats diï ¬â‚¬erent. Tablets are an appliance working for the students as a personal learning device; for teacher its a personal teaching device, he States.3 The article explain the usability of the iPad tablets, it can enhance the learning of the student and be more interested to learn the subject. In relation to the researcher proposed application, tablets and smartphone will be the medium and the application is the learning software this can be used by the student as their personal learning device. The proponent relates to the three literatures on the idea and concepts on enhancing the learning process of the students through the use of the new technology. FOREIGN LITERATURE From the article of Tavangarian D. et.al, E-learning includes all forms of electronically supported learning and teaching, including educational technology. The information and communication systems, whether networked learning or not, serve as speciï ¬ c media to implement the learning process.[1] This often involves both out-of-classroom and in-classroom educational experiences via technology, even as advances continue in regard to devices and curriculum. Abbreviations like CBT (Computer-Based Training), IBT (Internet-Based Training) or WBT (Web-Based Training) have been used as synonyms to e-learning. E-learning is the computer and network-enabled  transfer of skills and knowledge. E-learning applications and processes include Web-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual education opportunities and digital collaboration. Content is delivered via the Internet, intranet/extranet, audio or video tape, satellite TV, and CD-ROM. It can be selfpaced or instructor-led and incl udes media in the form of text, image, animation, streaming video and audio. It is commonly thought that new technologies can make a big diï ¬â‚¬erence in education.[2] In particular, children can interact with new media, and develop their skills, knowledge, perception of the world, under their parents’ monitoring, of course. Many proponents of e-learning believe that everyone must be equipped with basic knowledge of technology, as well as use it as a medium to reach a particular goal. This article deï ¬ nes E-learning includes all forms of electronically supported learning and teaching, including educational technology and how new technologies can make a big diï ¬â‚¬erence in education. Children can interact with new media, and develop their skills, knowledge. It can be self-paced or instructor-led and includes media in the form of text, image, animation, streaming video and audio. With the researchers proposed project, he will include those form of media so that students can interact with the application for them to learn and develop their skills. From the article of anonymous writer on the internet, entitled Three Learning Styles, everyone processes and learns new information in diï ¬â‚¬erent ways. There are three main cognitive learning styles: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. The common characteristics of each learning style listed below can help you understand how you learn and what methods of learning best ï ¬ ts you. Understanding how you learn can help maximize time you spend studying by incorporating diï ¬â‚¬erent techniques to custom ï ¬ t various subjects, concepts, and learning objectives. Each preferred learning style has methods that ï ¬ t the diï ¬â‚¬erent ways an individual may learn best. Visual (1) Uses visual objects such as graphs, charts, pictures, and seeing information, (2) Can read body language well and has a good perception of aesthetics, (3) Able to memorize and recall various information, (4) Tends to remember things that are written  down, (5) Learns better in lectures by watching them. Auditory (1) Retains information through hearing and speaking, (2) Often prefers to be told how to do things and then summarizes the main points out loud to help with memorization, (3) Notices diï ¬â‚¬erent aspects of speaking, (4) Often has talents in music and may concentrate better with soft music playing in the background. Kinesthetic (1) Likes to use the hands-on approach to learn new material, (2) Is generally good in  math and science, (3) Would rather demonstrate how to do something rather than verbally explain it. In this article the researcher gain ideas and understanding about the learning process of individual. In relation to the researchers proposed project, he will include the three main cognitive learning styles such as visual, auditory, and kinesthetic through the form of animation and voice over for the students to help them in their learning style that best ï ¬ ts them. According to the article of Baiyun Chen and Aimee Denoyelles, 2013 entitled †Exploring Students Mobile Learning Practices in Higher Education mobile technologies are playing an increasingly important role in college students academic lives. Devices like smartphones, tablets, and e-book readers connects to the world instantly, heightening access to information and enabling interactivity with others. Application that run on this devices let user not only consume but also discover the produce content. As such, they continue to transform how college student learn, as well as inï ¬â€šuence their learning preferences, both within and outside the classroom. The popularity of mobile technologies among college students in increasing dramatically. Results from the ECAR research study on study suggest that many undergraduate students bring their own digital devices to college, favoring small portable ones such as smartphones and tablets. Although students still  rate laptops (85 percen t) as the most important devices to their academic success, the importance of mobile devices such as tablets (45 percent), smart phones (37 percent), and e-book readers (31 percent) is noticeably on the rise. Increasingly, students say they want the ability to access academic resources on their mobile devices. In fact, 67 percent of students smart phone and tablets are reportedly being used for academic  purposes, a rate that has nearly doubled in just one year. Convenience, ï ¬â€šexibility, engagement, and interactivity are all factors that more attractive to students. With these trends in mind, it is not surprising the New Media Consortiums 2013 Horizon Report predicted that mobile applications and tablet computing will have a time-to-adoption of one year or less in higher education. Many universities now uses mobile technologies and create mobile-optimized versions of their websites or build stand-alone applications that can be downloaded from mobile application stores.6 This article discuss the popularity of mobile technologies among college students, favoring small and portable ones such as smartphones and tablets, and the need to access academic resources on their mobile devices . In relation to the researcher proposed application this can help the college students who are taking P.E 3 in their academic lives, they can use it to access their academic resources using their mobile devices. All the three foreign literature was related to the proposed application of the researcher. This articles will prove that the researchers proposed application will be helpful and useful for the students in their educational attainment. LOCAL STUDY In reference to Agustine, Mona Lisa, et.al 2009 entitled E-Learning System in Computer 1, It is designed for the students in Divine Word College of Legazpi particularly students who are taking computer 1 subject. The students can view and access all the lessons through computer. The system also include computer animations and voice over which informational and interactive. It plays important role in class not just because its new but  supplementary tool in teaching and learning, especially when the instructor are absent. The system was developed so that the  students in the class can still continue their lessons without the presence of their instructor and learn by their own pace. It gives an advantage and diï ¬â‚¬erence between the traditional teaching methods. This reference of study tackles about the signiï ¬ cance of the e-learning for the student taking up computer 1 in Divine Word College of Legazpi. This study give the researcher the idea to also develop a software that will give the students a supplementary tool and help them to learn the subject in their own paces and learn the subject even without the instructor. According to Francis Dino, 2013 entitled Asia Pocket Atlas the proposed system aims to make learning process entertaining for students to encourage them to learn and at the same time teach them to use the technology wisely. This study will help kids learn and explore about Asian continent and have fun as well. This will be a good reference tool not just for the students but also for the teachers. Most mobile applications easily present information will be presented in audio and still-captured images. This study will be a fun and interesting learning experience for the students, teachers, and people who are in the maps.8 This reference of study teach the kids to use the technology wisely and to learn the Asian continent in entertaining and fun way. In relation to the researcher proposed system this will also teach the student to use the technology wisely, they will not just learn the subject P.E 3, but also it will be fun because of the animation and voice over and it will entertain t hem because of the series of test that the application will provide. According to Lino Bajar and Chester Sangal, 2011 entitled Cars and Cows Game Development, the main objective of the system is to produce a computer game  that can enhance and develop mental alertness. The game focuses in preventing hitting the cows and overcome the obstacle in a given level within the users mental alertness and help to develop their practical skills, and serve as a form of exercise.9 In relation to the researcher proposed application, the series of test will also enhance and develop the mental alertness and practical skills of the student, it will also serve as an exercise for them in retaining what they have learned from the subject. All the three local studies give the researcher an additional feature that can be added to the proposed application. It helps the researcher ideas and concepts of what will happen to the application. It also help the researcher through the paces of the process of the application. FOREIGN STUDY From the study of Y. Tanaka et.al in 2012 entitled Usefulness of the Multimedia feedback of the Physical Education using E-learning In recent years, the report that the eï ¬â‚¬ect of instruction increases by utilizing an image for instruction of a sport is carried out in respect of the university physical education (Takamatsu et al., 2000) and in playing sports (Takahashi and Iwashima, 2008) etc. Thus, although it is admitted in general that the feedback using an image is eï ¬â‚¬ective in motor learning, it is diï ¬Æ'cult to feedback to all students in limited class hours. Furthermore, in order to show the image to the outside of school hours, much time and eï ¬â‚¬ort, such as writing out of media, were required. However, in recent years, †e-learning† in which taking an examination and the attendance of a class using the Internet are possible is spreading. The student is able to look at not only a character but an  image by using this. As another merit, if there is internet connection it becomes possible to watch and download the contents of the class anytime and anywhere. The object class was †volleyball† for undergraduate physical education students. The main purpose of this class is the acquisition of the  toss. This class performs 90 minutes once per week, and is performing 15 times in all. We photographed the image of the class with 4-6 digital video camera and edited the image and showed it on e-learning and allowed a student to download the picture freely. In addition, added a caption to the sample image of the drill and a technical commentary image and showed it. We carried out a questionnaire about the multimedia feedback to a study student at the time of the class end. As a result, many positive replies, the image of a class is useful, It was good that I was able to watch my ï ¬ gure by image and to watch an image is useful for skill acquisition etc., were obtained. Moreover, many requests of †liking to see the image of a sample, one’s image, and a skillful student’s image† were also obtained.10 The purpose of this study is to clarify usefulness of performing multimedia feedback which used e-learning in university physical education and it seems that the multimedia feedback using e-learning in physical education helps a technical improvement and a will improvement. In relation to the researcher proposed application, he believes that this study will be eï ¬â‚¬ective and useful to the students in their motor learning and skills acquisition. From the study of Huang, Chun-Hong et.al, 2010 entitled E-learning on Physical education of Utilizing Multimedia Contents In contrast with the traditional instructional method in physical education, the adaptation of computer information technology brings a great number of changes with extensive advantages. According  to this reason, the major purpose of this paper tries to utilize the information technology in order to fabricate physical education courses with multimedia contents integrated with an E-learning Platform. In this project, the major courses provided by platform include sports skill and movement, exercise rule, and injury treatment. The teaching materials and contents of the courses are represented using multimedia information technologies which include video, ï ¬â€šash animation. Instructions on physical education using multimedia information technologies not only motivate classroom atmosphere  but also inspire students’ strong interest in learning and acti ve participation. These advantages may not be supplied by other instructional tools. Via the usage of this physical education E-learning platform, we hope to encourage players to perform eï ¬Æ'cient self-learning for sports skills, indirect foster mutual help, cooperation, and nice norms of law-abiding via the learning of athletic rules, and to become familiar with accurate recreation knowledge as well as ï ¬ rst aid expertise. The study is another discussion about the physical education using e-learning platform. It tackles about the great advantage of physical education when integrated to multimedia information technologies. This study relates to the researcher proposed application that also wants to integrate physical education into information technology because he believes that the advantage of information technology may not be supplied by other instructional tool. The study of Tan-Hsu Tan and Tsung-Yu Liu, 2004 entitled The mobilebased interactive learning environment (MOBILE) and a case study for assisting elementary school English learning This research develops a mobile-based interactive learning environment (MOBILE) for aiding elementary school English learning. The MOBILE consists of a mobile learning server and mobile learning tools, which is able to support in- or outdoor learning activities. Several theme-based mobile learning activities including body parts learning and creation of species are conducted. Experimental results obtained from posttests and questionnaire indicate that the MOBILE can signiï ¬ cantly increase students’ interest and eï ¬â‚¬ect in learning English as compared to the traditional manner.12 This reference of study is discussion about mobile-based interactive learning tool that support in or outdoor learning activities. In relation to the researcher proposed application students will also have a mobile-based interactive learning tool in physical education that will support them in their in and outdoor activities. All three foreign study will show that the researcher proposed application is useful and has a signiï ¬ cance in the  students learning and this will give them advantage and beneï ¬ ts.

Educational technology Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Educational technology - Personal Statement Example Whether a person achieves a good learning experience or not is determined by the factors that affect the employment or administration of teaching, since educational tools are normally tangible and are readily accessible by students with whom a specific knowledge or training is communicated. At this stage, the widespread technology logically plays the key role in educating people, for the modern age has proven to have used and modified technology in almost everything that drives our living. Having obtained an academic background in clinical nutrition, I have realized how important health is for people to be able to execute tasks effectively, as well as for them to live life to the full measure. Helping people become better in terms of proceeding with personal growth and aspirations despite all the risks constitutes my passion. Equivalently, I suppose that this goal even extends to concerns with education and technology, much as it applies well through nutrition and health. I believe that every individual has the right to proper education which is conducted with appropriate materials, instructions, and especially technological resources everyone must gain access to, so that learning comes with ease and may be sought to enhance the studying capacity of each learner. In meeting this objective, hence, educational technology may be claimed highly necessary for students to figure different areas of improvement once they can afford to incorporate technology in the realm of ed ucation. Educational technology, alternatively known as e-learning, instructional technology, or learning technology, pertains to the use of technology to aid learning with sufficient input, and an academic institution bearing a competency-based curriculum can undoubtedly support students who aim to pursue career with educational technology. My desire to continue such studies with Concordia University

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Assignment Example This has seen to the decline of this practice. By providing the benefits of hanging clothes outside, the author tries to convince people to hang clothes in the sun. In fact, the author goes on to give the economic benefits of clothesline compared to dryers. In the article, the main issue is the decline of clotheslines. Although dryers and washers have contributed to this decline, some house provisions forbid residents from using clothesline (Dewolf, 2007). The established rhetorical mode in the article is comparison and contrast. In the second paragraph, â€Å"...where I discovered that St John’s was precisely the opposite of Calgary.† The author contrasts the use of the clothesline in Montreal and St John’s, and the use of dryers and washers in Calgary. Similarly, in the third paragraph, â€Å"Montreal is similar to St John’s,† this is central to residents in both places using clotheslines. On the same, the author gives possible reasons as to why the clotheslines still feature in St John’s and Montreal (Dewolf,

Global Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Poverty - Essay Example The imbalanced use of earth resources in an unsustainable manner is another major threat for the future generations’ survival. It is therefore important to analysis these issues in-depth and provide unique solutions. This paper discusses some of the cause and recommends the solutions to fight global poverty. (# of words = 142) 5. According to UNICEF, 30,000 children die each day due to poverty. And they â€Å"die quietly in some of the poorest villages on earth, far removed from the scrutiny and the conscience of the world. Being meek and weak in life makes these dying multitudes even more invisible in death.† That is about 210,000 children each week or just under 11 million children under five years of age, each year (Shah, 2005). 6. â€Å"Today, across the world, 1.3 billion people live on less than one dollar a day; 3 billion live on under two dollars a day; 1.3 billion have no access to clean water; 3 billion have no access to sanitation; 2 billion have no access to electricity.† (Shah, 2005) 7. 1 billion children live in poverty (1 in 2 children in the world). 640 million live without adequate shelter, 400 million have no access to safe water, and 270 million have no access to health services. 10.6 million died in 2003 before they reached the age of 5 (Shah, 2005). 3. Economic inequality refers to disparities in the distribution of economic assets and income. The term typically refers to inequality among individuals and groups within a society, but can also refer to inequality among nations. 4. Hunger: The term is commonly used more broadly to refer to cases of widespread malnutrition or deprivation among populations, usually due to poverty, political conflicts or instability, or adverse agricultural conditions (famine). 5. Malnutrition: It is a general term for the medical condition in a person caused by an unbalanced diet—either too little or too much food, or a diet missing one or more important nutrients (Wikipedia,